Mimicking the Regenerative Matrix: Bioactive Scaffolds to Improve Skin Repair

Severe deep skin wounds, such as burns, often heal with scars that contract, limiting mobility and quality of life. Current dermal templates are unable to prevent these complications. This thesis describes the development of new biomaterials inspired by species whose skin heals without scarring. Three prototypes were designed by enriching type I collagen matrices with proteins, chains of disaccharides (glycosaminoglycans), and effector molecules: extracellular matrix components that play key roles in natural regeneration. The tests showed encouraging results: reduced expression of scarring-related genes, activation of pro-healing cells, and less wound contraction. These outcomes demonstrate that biomaterials tailored with regenerative cues can improve healing compared to existing therapies. This work contributes innovative strategies for wound care, aimed at restoring function, preventing contractures, and improving the long-term recovery of patients with severe injuries.