The gut-brain axis in adult externalizing behavior: How brain-functioning, diet, and the gut-microbiome may influence adult ADHD and reactive aggression

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of adult externalizing behaviors, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reactive aggression, by investigating the gut-microbiome-brain axis. Understanding the contribution of diet and gut microbiota to brain development and functioning may open up avenues to develop targeted interventions and reduce adverse outcomes in those affected with these conditions and maladaptive traits. The role of altered brain functioning during emotion processing, robust alterations in the gut-microbiome composition, and the complex interplay of diet and the gut-microbiota in adult ADHD and reactive aggression was invested.